Idolobhana laseBílina litholakala esifundeni sase-Ústí, esifundeni saseTeplice, cishe amakhilomitha angama-90 enyakatho-ntshonalanga yePrague. Idolobhana lisesigodini somfula iBílina, phakathi nendawo ephakathi kweMost neTeplice. Inani labantu abahlala kulo muzi liyi-15 200. Lizungezwe igquma laseChlum, futhi imithambeka yentaba ethi "Kyselkové hory" Kaňkova ifinyelela entshonalanga. Eningizimu, intaba yephonolite (insimbi) ebabazekayo iyaphakama Bořen, okuyinto ngokubukeka kwayo efana nengonyama ehlezi futhi yakha isici esivelele endaweni ebanzi.
Umlando wedolobha laseBílina:
Bílina ngo-1789
Igama ledolobha lisuselwa kusichasiso esithi "bílý" (emhlophe) kanti igama elithi Bielina ekuqaleni lalihloselwe ukusho indawo emhlophe, okusho indawo egawuliwe. Umbiko wokuqala obhaliwe mayelana no-Bílina uhlehlela emuva ku-993 futhi uvela emlandweni omdala kakhulu we-Czech we-Kosm, ochaza impi phakathi kuka-Břetislav I nombusi waseJalimane u-Henry III. IBílina wabe eseba idolobha eliyinkosana lamaLobkovic. Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, lalingelinye lamadolobha anemishini engcono kakhulu eCentral Europe. Ngenxa yobuhle bayo bemvelo nezindawo ze-spa, i-Bílina yayivame ukuvakashelwa abantu ababalulekile bezobuciko nesayensi.
Idolobha lasentwasahlobo elidume umhlaba wonke iBílina
Iziphethu zeBílinská kyselka, amaparele amanzi aphulukisayo aseYurophu
I-Bílina iyidolobha lasentwasahlobo elidume umhlaba wonke ngenxa yalo I-Bílinské kyselke a Jaječice amanzi ababayo. Yomibili le mithombo yokwelapha yemvelo ingeyengcebo yesizwe saseCzech futhi ibilokhu yaziwa emhlabeni wonke ophucuzekile amakhulu eminyaka, njengoba i-encyclopedias yokuqala yomhlaba ikhuluma ngayo. Ukufakwa emabhodleleni kwalezi ziphethu zakuqala kwenzeka ngobuchwepheshe besimanje ngqo endaweni yokuqala yophiko lwezimboni nohwebo lwemithombo yaseLobkovice.
Incwajana ekhuluma ngeBílina namanzi ayo aphilisayo angekhulu le-19.
Umbhali wemilando u-Václav Hájek waseLibočany usevele ekhuluma ngamanzi aphilisayo e-Bílina engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu le-16. Ngo-1712 kwakukhona iziphethu ezingaphezulu I-Bílinské kyselky wahlanza futhi wamukela izihambeli zokuqala. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, uhlelo lokuqoqa luye lwathuthukiswa ngokuqhubekayo kuze kufike emithonjeni yamanje ngokujula kwamamitha angu-200. Ochwepheshe abaningi ababalulekile baye bafaka isandla ekusakazweni kokuqwashisa mayelana ne-spa. Kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke ikhansela lenkantolo yase-Lobkovic, isazi sokuma komhlaba, isazi se-balneologist kanye nodokotela u-František Ambrož Reuss (1761–1830) – udokotela waseCzech, isazi sezifo zesikhumba, isazi sezinto ezimbiwa phansi kanye nesazi sokuma komhlaba owaqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kwamanzi okwelapha e-Bílina. Indodana yakhe u-August Emanuel Reuss (1811-1873) - Isazi semvelo sase-Czech-Austrian, isazi se-paleontologist saqhubeka nomsebenzi wakhe wesayensi wokufunda ukusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha kwamanzi aseBílinská naseZaječická. Ngekhulu le-19, izakhamuzi zedolobhana laseBílina zazakhela isikhumbuzo esikhulu bobabili ngeqoqo likamasipala, esakha isici esivelele sesikhungo se-spa saseBílina.
Kusukela ekuqaleni, odokotela batusa i-Bílinská kyselka ngezifo zepheshana lokuphefumula, i-asphyxiation, esigabeni sokuqala sesifo sofuba samaphaphu, izifo zezinso ne-urinary tract, ikakhulukazi ukuba khona kwamatshe nesihlabathi, kanye ne-rheumatism futhi, ekugcineni. kodwa hhayi okungenani, ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwesimiso sezinzwa, njenge-hysteria ne-hypochondria. Wayekhona phakathi nenkathi ye-Austria-Hungary kanye ne-socialism I-Bílinská kyselka esetshenziswa njengesiphuzo ezibhedlela kanye nesiphuzo esivikelayo embonini enzima. Omunye wabasunguli bamakhemikhali omhlaba nguye owabangela ukwanda okumangalisayo emazweni aseSvern. JJ Berzelius, owanikezela imisebenzi yakhe eminingi yobungcweti ku-Bílina Spa.
I-encyclopedia yokuqala eyanyatheliswa ngesiCzech ikhuluma ngeBílinská kanje:
Engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu le-2, amanzi e-Bílinská, abhalwe ngokuthi "amuncu" ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwamabhamuza e-carbon dioxide acwebezelayo, aqala ukufakwa emabhodleleni ojeke bobumba futhi asatshalaliswa emhlabeni wonke. Izitolo zadlondlobala ngokushesha ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwayo edolobheni lase-spa laseTeplice. Izivakashi eziqavile ze-spa ye-Teplice edumile ngokushesha zasakaza udumo lwazo I-Bílinské kyselky emhlabeni wonke futhi ngokushesha waqanjwa ngokuthi indlovukazi yemithombo yokuphulukisa ye-alkali yaseYurophu.
Zaječická amanzi ababayo, umthombo kasawoti ababayo kakhulu emhlabeni
Ngo-1726, uDkt. Bedřich Hoffman wachaza imithombo yokuphulukisa ebabayo esanda kutholwa eduze kwaseSedlec. Lezi kwakuyimithombo ekade ifunwa yokuthatha indawo ye-laxative yendawo yonke, usawoti obabayo, emhlabeni wonke. Lesi siphethu sikasawoti esibabayo kunawo wonke emhlabeni, esaziwa ngokuthi i-Sedlecká, sikhuthaze umkhakha wekhemisi osafufusa. Okubizwa ngokuthi "ama-saddle powders" akhiqizwa kusukela eNew Zealand kuya e-Ireland. Lezi zimpushana ezimbili ezimhlophe ezihlanganiswe ndawonye zazihloselwe ukulingisa imikhiqizo eyaziwa kakhulu yedolobha lasentwasahlobo elaziwayo iBílina. Kodwa kwakungamanga nje.
Ngo-1725 - UB. Hoffmann umemezela emhlabeni wonke ngokutholwa kwamanzi ababayo aseZaječická (Sedlecká).
Ngekhulu le-19, i-spa yanda, kwakhiwa ipaki elikhulu, futhi kamuva indlu yokugezela enkulu ngesitayela se-Renaissance, lapho izifo zepheshana eliphezulu lokuphefumula zalashwa khona. Ngemuva kweMpi Yezwe II, indawo ye-spa yenziwa izwe futhi yaqanjwa ngoJulio Fučík ngaphansi kwe-socialism. Ngenxa yomoya omubi endaweni, kwakungasenakwenzeka ukwelapha izifo zokuphefumula lapha, futhi i-spa yaphinde yazilungisa ukuze isize ngemva kokuhlinzwa esiswini namathumbu amancane. Ipaki yenqaba kanye nendawo eyizungezile ayizange inakekelwe futhi yawela esimweni esibi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ngawo-70, i-Bílina yathola isimo sedolobha le-spa, futhi lokhu kwamemezela ukuthuthukiswa okusha kwama-spa. Ipaki yalungiswa futhi kwakhiwa inkundla yegalofu encane yezivakashi, iziguli ezifika ku-3 zazilashwa lapha unyaka ngamunye, kodwa azizange zizuze ekukhishweni umoya kwesikhungo sikagesi esiseduze noma ukungcoliswa okuvamile kwesifunda saseNyakatho Bohemian.
Umqondisi wasungulwa ngu-BÍLINA
Ngemuva kuka-1989, umndeni wakwaLobkowitz wathola i-Kyselka Spa ngokubuyisela, futhi indawo yahlukaniswa yaba isitshalo samabhodlela amanzi amaminerali kanye ne-spa. Manje imvelo ezungeze indawo ye-spa ithuthuka njalo futhi amathemba mahle kakhulu ngenxa yokunciphisa izimayini kanye nokukhishwa kwesulphurization yezitshalo zamandla. Izakhiwo zasentwasahlobo manje sezakhiwe kabusha ngokuphelele futhi imboni yesimanje yokukhiqiza isabalalisa izinsiza zokuphulukisa zemvelo ze-Bílina ezimakethe zasekhaya nezasemhlabeni, lapho zimele idolobha lase-Bílina kahle kakhulu.
I-Bořen (539 m ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle):
I-Mount Bořeň ngokungangabazeki iyingqophamlando enkulu yedolobha lase-Bílina, lapho iqhele ngamakhilomitha amabili kuphela njengoba igwababa lindiza. I-silhouette yayo enamajika akhuphuka acishe abheke phezulu ayifani neze nesifunda saseCzech Central Highlands, kodwa kuyo yonke i-Czech Republic iyonke. U-JW Goethe wenza lesi sithunzi sibe singafi izikhathi eziningana ngesikhathi ehlala eBílina. U-A. v. Humboldt ubize uhambo olusuka eBořen njengolunye oluthakazelisa kakhulu emhlabeni.
Nakuba intaba ngokwayo ingaphandle komngcele wokuphatha wendawo evikelekile yezwe, ngokufanelekile ingeyezimpawu ezibaluleke kakhulu ze-Bohemian Central Highlands. Ngenxa yobukhulu bayo nokuma kwamatshe amatshe, ukuvakashela e-Bořná kunokuningi ongakunikeza. Futhi lokhu ezindaweni eziningana: Umbono omuhle oyindilinga odongeni lwe-Ore Mountains, i-České středohoří, idolobha laseBílinu elinendawo yokulahla iRadovets, umgodi we-pod Orešnohorská, noma izintaba ezikude zaseDoupovské ziheha izivakashi eziningi. Ngokungangabazeki bayokwazisa ukwakheka kwamadwala okuningi ngendlela yamadwala amatshe, izindonga zamadwala aphakeme, imibhoshongo yamadwala akhululekile, imfucumfucu yamatshe kanye nemifantu yamadwala.
Ngakho-ke akumangazi ukuthi kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, iBořeň nayo ibe yindawo ethandwa kakhulu ekhuphukayo endaweni ebanzi. Izindonga zamadwala ezifika ku-100 m ukuphakama zize zivumele ukukhuphuka okuphezulu, ukuqeqeshwa kokukhuphuka kungenziwa lapha ehlobo nasebusika. Kodwa i-Bořeň ayikhangi kuphela ngokombono womuntu ngenxa yokuhluka kwayo, isakhiwo sayo sokwakheka komhlaba sinikeza ikhaya lezinhlobo eziningana ezihlukile zezitshalo nezilwane. Kungakho futhi indawo yaseBořně, enendawo yonke engamahektha angama-23, yamenyezelwa njengendawo yokulondoloza imvelo kazwelonke ngo-1977.
Indawo yokudlela yasehlathini I-Caffé Pavillon, edume ngokuthi "Kafáč":
Indawo yokudlela yasehlathini edumile, ikhophi yehhotela laseSweden kanye nesikhumbuzo sokuqala kodumo lukaBílinská eScandinavia (Sibonga umsebenzi ka-JJ Berzelia) ekuqaleni yayimi embukisweni wejubhili wesifunda ePrague ngo-1891, futhi eminyakeni emibili eyalandela yakhiwa endaweni okuyo manje, lapho yaba ingxenye ebalulekile yepaki ye-spa yaseBílin. Indawo yokudlela yasehlathini yayiyi-oasis yokuthula futhi iyindawo yokuthula.
Izinsiza zezemidlalo:
I-Aquapark:
Kule ndawo uzothola inkundla ye-volleyball yasogwini, inkundla yebhola lomnqakiswano, itafula likakhonkolo lethenisi yetafula, kanye nenkundla ye-pétanque. Imishini yezemidlalo ingaqashwa endaweni yokwamukela izivakashi. Izinto eziheha amanzi ane-inflatable kanye ne-toboggan kuyatholakala kubavakashi ngaphandle kwenkokhiso eyengeziwe. Ngo-2012, kwakhiwa indawo entsha ezungeze ichibi ngokhonkolo wepulasitiki, owathatha indawo yama-tile amadala, ahlala exebuka. Izivakashi ze-pool zingasebenzisa amalokha esitoreji amasha anamakhiya okuvikela asebenza ngohlamvu lwemali olumumatha kalula ubhaka ophakathi nendawo noma isikhwama solwandle. I-swimming pool ivulwa nsuku zonke kusukela ngo-10:00 ekuseni kuya ku-19:00 p.m.
I-Museum of Healing Waters and Mineralogy:
Esakhiweni esikhulu sophiko lweziphethu kunesikhungo solwazi kanye nemnyuziyamu ye-mineralogy, izimayini kanye nokuhweba ngamanzi aphilisayo emvelo. Imboni yasentwasahlobo ihlela uhambo olujwayelekile namakilasi ezikole, umphakathi oqeqeshiwe kanye nezivakashi. Igumbi lenkomfa liyatholakala futhi ukuze kuqeqeshwe usuku lonke ekusebenziseni izinsiza zokwelapha zemvelo.
Izinkundla zethenisi:
Njalo ngonyaka engxenyeni yesibili ka-April, izinkundla zethenisi eBílina zivulelwa izivakashi. Ngesizini, amagceke avulwa kusukela ngo-08:30 a.m. kuya ku-20:30 p.m. Izivakashi zingagcina izinkantolo, futhi ungasebenzisa inketho yokuphotha amarakhethi ethenisi. Izinkantolo zethenisi zingatholakala ku: Kyselská 410, Bílina.
Igalofu elincane:
Ungathola ubumnandi, kodwa futhi uphumule lapho uvakashela igalofu elincane. Amahora okusebenza e-minigolf esikhathini kuze kube umhla zingama-30.06.2015/14/00 ami kanje: UMsombuluko kuya kuLwesihlanu 19:00–10:00, ngoMgqibelo nangeSonto 19:00–411:XNUMX – i-minigolf ingatholakala e-: Kyselská XNUMX, Bílina .
Inkundla yasebusika:
Kusukela ngo-2001, uBílina ubejabulela inkundla yasebusika enompheme. Isetshenziswa kakhulu yizigaba zentsha. Umphakathi ungajabulela nezemidlalo lapha. Ukushushuluza komphakathi kwenzeka izikhathi eziningana ngesonto phakathi nenkathi kusukela ngoSepthemba kuya kuNdasa. Izingane ezivela ezinkulisa nasezikoleni zamabanga aphansi nazo zichitha amakilasi okufunda ngokomzimba lapha. Amahora wakusihlwa agcinelwe abadlali be-hockey abangabhalisiwe.