Tawuni ya Bílina ili m'chigawo cha Ústí, Chigawo cha Teplice, pafupifupi 90 km kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Prague. Tawuniyi ili m’chigwa cha mtsinje wa Bílina, pakati pa Most ndi Teplice. Chiwerengero cha anthu okhala mumzindawu ndi 15. Wazunguliridwa ndi phiri la Chlum, ndipo mapiri a "Kyselkové hory" a Kaňkova akukwera kumadzulo. Kum'mwera, phiri lalikulu la phonolite (belu) limakwera Bozi, yomwe m'mawonekedwe ake ikufanana ndi mkango wotsamira ndipo imapanga mbali yaikulu m'madera ambiri.
Mbiri ya mzinda wa Bílina:
Bílina mu 1789
Dzina lamzindawu lidachokera ku liwu loti "bílý" (loyera) ndipo mawu akuti Bielina poyambirira amatanthauza kuyera, kutanthauza malo odulidwa nkhalango. Lipoti loyamba lolembedwa lonena za Bílina linayamba mu 993 ndipo limachokera ku mbiri yakale kwambiri ya Czech ya Kosm, yofotokoza za nkhondo yapakati pa Břetislav I ndi mfumu ya Germany Henry III. Kenako Bílina anakhala mzinda wachifumu wa a Lobkovic. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m’ma 19, unali umodzi mwa mizinda yokhala ndi zida zabwino kwambiri ku Central Europe. Chifukwa cha kukongola kwake kwachilengedwe komanso malo opangira ma spa, Bílina ankachezera pafupipafupi ndi anthu ofunikira pazaluso ndi sayansi.
Tawuni yodziwika padziko lonse ya masika ya Bílina
Akasupe a Bílinská kyselka, ngale zamadzi ochiritsa a ku Ulaya
Bílina ndi tawuni yotchuka padziko lonse lapansi chifukwa cha masika Bílinské kyselke a Jaječice madzi owawa. Magwero onse a machiritso achilengedwewa ndi a chuma cha dziko la Czech ndipo akhala akudziwika kudziko lonse lotukuka kwa zaka mazana ambiri, monga momwe mabuku oyambirira a dziko lonse amatchulira. Kutsekedwa kwa akasupe oyambirirawa kumachitika ndi teknoloji yamakono mwachindunji pamalo oyambirira a mafakitale ndi malonda a akasupe ku Lobkovice.
Kabuku kakuti Bílina ndi madzi ochiritsa ake a m’zaka za m’ma 19.
Wolemba mbiri Václav Hájek wochokera ku Libočany amatchula kale madzi ochiritsa ku Bílina m'zaka zoyambirira za m'ma 16. Mu 1712 panali akasupe pamwamba Bílinské kyselky anayeretsa ndi kulandira alendo oyambirira. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, ndondomeko yosonkhanitsa yakhala ikupitilizidwa bwino mpaka kuzitsime zamakono ndi kuya kwa mamita 200. Akatswiri ambiri ofunikira athandizira kufalitsa chidziwitso cha spa. Koma makamaka aphungu a khoti la Lobkovic, katswiri wa geologist, balneologist ndi dokotala František Ambrož Reuss (1761-1830) - dokotala wa ku Czech, balneologist, mineralogist ndi geologist yemwe anatsimikizira mphamvu ya madzi ochiritsa a Bílina. Mwana wake August Emanuel Reuss (1811-1873) - katswiri wa zachilengedwe wa ku Czech-Austrian, paleontologist anapitiriza ntchito yake ya sayansi yophunzira kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a madzi a Bílinská ndi Zaječická. M’zaka za m’ma 19, nzika za m’tauni ya Bílina zinamanga chipilala chachikulu kwa onse awiri kuchokera m’gulu la anthu a mumzinda wa Bílina.
Kuyambira pachiyambi, madokotala analimbikitsa Bílinská kyselka kwa matenda a kupuma thirakiti, kwa asphyxiation, kwa gawo loyamba la chifuwa chachikulu cha m'mapapo, matenda a impso ndi mkodzo thirakiti, makamaka pamaso pa miyala ndi mchenga, komanso rheumatism ndi, otsiriza. koma osachepera, chifukwa cha kusokonezeka kwa dongosolo lamanjenje, monga hysteria ndi hypochondria. Anali nthawi yonse ya Austria-Hungary ndi socialism Bílinská kyselka amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakumwa m'zipatala komanso chakumwa choteteza m'makampani olemera. M'modzi mwa omwe adayambitsa chemistry yapadziko lonse ndiye adayambitsa kufalikira kodabwitsa m'maiko a Svern. JJ Berzelius, yemwe adapereka ntchito zake zingapo zaukadaulo ku Bílina Spa.
Insaikulopediya yoyamba yosindikizidwa m’Chicheki imalankhula za Bílinská motere:
Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 2, madzi a Bílinská, otchedwa "owawasa" chifukwa cha kuthwanima kwa thovu la carbon dioxide, anayamba kuikidwa m'mitsuko yadothi ndikugawidwa padziko lonse lapansi. Mashopu adakula mwachangu chifukwa chogwiritsidwa ntchito m'tawuni ya spa ya Teplice. Alendo otchuka a malo otchuka a Teplice spa adafalitsa kutchuka kwawo Bílinské kyselky padziko lonse lapansi ndipo posakhalitsa adatchedwa mfumukazi ya akasupe ochiritsa amchere ku Europe.
Zaječická madzi owawa, kasupe wa mchere wowawa kwambiri padziko lapansi
Mu 1726, Dr. Bedřich Hoffman anafotokoza za akasupe ochiritsa owawa omwe angopezeka kumene pafupi ndi Sedlec. Awa anali magwero omwe akhala akufunidwa kwa nthawi yayitali m'malo mwa mchere wachilengedwe chonse, mchere wowawa, padziko lonse lapansi. Kasupe wamchere wowawa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, wotchedwa Sedlecká, adalimbikitsa malo ogulitsa mankhwala. Zomwe zimatchedwa "saddle powders" zidapangidwa kuchokera ku New Zealand kupita ku Ireland. Mafuta awiri oyerawa omwe amaphatikizidwa pamodzi ankafuna kutsanzira zinthu zodziwika bwino za tauni yodziwika bwino ya masika Bílina. Koma zinali zabodza basi.
1725 - B. Hoffmann akulengeza kudziko lapansi kupezeka kwa madzi owawa a Zaječická (Sedlecká).
M'zaka za zana la 19, malowa adakula, paki yayikulu idamangidwa, ndipo pambuyo pake nyumba yayikulu yosambiramo mumayendedwe achinyengo a Renaissance, pomwe matenda am'mwambamwamba amathandizidwa. Nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse itatha, malowa adasinthidwa ndikutchedwa Julio Fučík pansi pa socialism. Chifukwa cha mpweya woipa m'deralo, sikunali kotheka kuchiza matenda opuma pano, ndipo spa inayambiranso kuti ithandize pambuyo pa opaleshoni ya m'mimba ndi m'matumbo aang'ono. Paki yachitetezo ndi malo ozungulira sanasamalidwe ndipo idawonongeka pakapita nthawi.
M'zaka za m'ma 70, Bílina adalandira udindo wa tawuni ya spa, ndipo izi zidalengeza za chitukuko chatsopano cha malo osungiramo malo. Pakiyo idakonzedwanso ndipo bwalo laling'ono la gofu linapangidwira alendo, mpaka odwala 3 amathandizidwa pano pachaka, koma sanapindule ndi mpweya wamagetsi oyandikana nawo kapena kuipitsidwa konse kwa dera la North Bohemian.
Directorate idakhazikitsidwa ndi BÍLINA
Pambuyo pa 1989, banja la Lobkowitz linapeza Spa ya Kyselka pobwezera, ndipo derali linagawidwa kukhala malo osungiramo madzi amchere ndi spa. Tsopano malo ozungulira malowa akuwongolera nthawi zonse ndipo ziyembekezo zake ndizabwino kwambiri chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa migodi komanso kuwononga mphamvu zamagetsi. Nyumba zamasika tsopano zamangidwanso bwino ndipo malo opanga zamakono amagawira zinthu zachilengedwe za Bílina kumisika yapakhomo ndi yapadziko lonse lapansi, komwe amayimira mzinda wa Bílina bwino kwambiri.
Bořen (539 m pamwamba pa nyanja):
Mosakayikira phiri la Bořeň ndilo chizindikiro chachikulu kwambiri cha tawuni ya Bílina, komwe kuli mtunda wa makilomita awiri okha pamene khwangwala akuwulukira. Silhouette yake yokhala ndi mapindikidwe okwera pafupifupi chokwera m'mwamba ndiyosiyana kwambiri ndi mawonekedwe ake osati ku Czech Central Highlands kokha, komanso ku Czech Republic yonse. JW Goethe anajambula chithunzichi kangapo pamene anali ku Bílina. A. v. Humboldt anatcha ulendo wochokera ku Bořen umodzi wa zosangalatsa kwambiri padziko lapansi.
Ngakhale kuti phirilo liri kunja kwa malire a malo otetezedwa, ndiloyenera kukhala la zizindikiro zofunika kwambiri za Bohemian Central Highlands. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake akuluakulu komanso otsetsereka, kupita ku Bořná kuli ndi zambiri zoti mupereke. Ndipo izi m'madera angapo: Mawonekedwe okongola ozungulira khoma la Mapiri a Ore, České středohoří, tawuni ya Bílinu ndi dambo la Radovets, pod Orešnohorská beseni, kapena Mapiri akutali a Doupovské amakopa alendo ambiri. Mosakayikira adzayamikira mapangidwe ambiri a miyala monga mikwingwirima yamiyala, makoma amiyala aatali, nsanja za miyala zaulere, zinyalala za miyala ndi ming’alu ya miyala.
Choncho n’zosadabwitsa kuti kuyambira kuchiyambi kwa zaka za m’ma 20, Bořeň wakhalanso malo otchuka kwambiri okwera mapiri m’derali. Makoma amiyala mpaka 100 m okwera ngakhale amathandizira kukwera kokwera, maphunziro okwera amatha kuchitikira kuno m'chilimwe komanso m'nyengo yozizira. Koma Bořeň sikokongola kokha mwa umunthu chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake apadera, mawonekedwe ake a geological amapereka malo okhala mitundu yambiri ya zomera ndi zinyama. Ichi ndichifukwa chake dera la Bořně, lomwe lili ndi mahekitala 23, lidalengezedwa kuti ndi malo osungirako zachilengedwe mu 1977.
Forest cafe Caffé Pavillon, yemwe amadziwika kuti "Kafáč":
Malo otchuka a Forest cafe, kope la hotelo yaku Sweden komanso chikumbutso cha chiyambi cha kutchuka kwa Bílinská ku Scandinavia (Zikomo chifukwa cha ntchito ya JJ Berzelia) poyambirira adayimilira pachiwonetsero cha jubilee ku Prague mu 1891, ndipo zaka ziwiri zotsatira. inamangidwa pamalo pomwe ilipo, pomwe idakhala gawo lofunikira la Bílin spa park. Malo odyera m'nkhalango anali ndipo ndi malo amtendere.
Zida zamasewera:
Aquapark:
Pabwaloli mupeza bwalo la volleyball ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja, bwalo la netball, tebulo la konkriti la tennis ya tebulo, ndi bwalo la pétanque. Zida zamasewera zitha kubwereka pamalo olandirira alendo. Zokopa zamadzi othamanga komanso toboggan zimapezeka kwa alendo popanda mtengo wowonjezera. Mu 2012, malo atsopano ozungulira dziwelo anamangidwa ndi pamwamba pa konkire ya pulasitiki, yomwe inalowa m'malo mwa matailosi akale, omwe amasenda nthawi zonse. Alendo aku dziwe atha kupezerapo mwayi pa maloko atsopano osungira okhala ndi maloko oyendetsedwa ndi ndalama omwe amalola mosavuta chikwama chapakati kapena chikwama chakugombe. Dziwe losambira limatsegulidwa tsiku lililonse kuyambira 10:00 a.m. mpaka 19:00 p.m.
Museum of Healing Waters ndi Mineralogy:
M'nyumba yayikulu yoyang'anira akasupe pali Info center ndi Museum of mineralogy, migodi ndi malonda ndi madzi ochiritsa achilengedwe. Chomera cha masika chimakonza maulendo okhazikika ndi makalasi a masukulu, akatswiri ndi alendo. Chipinda cha msonkhano chiliponso kuti aphunzitse tsiku lonse kugwiritsa ntchito machiritso achilengedwe.
Mabwalo a tennis:
Chaka chilichonse mu theka lachiwiri la mwezi wa April, mabwalo a tennis ku Bílina amatsegulidwa kwa alendo. Mu nyengo, mabwalo amatsegulidwa kuyambira 08:30 a.m. mpaka 20:30 p.m. Alendo amatha kusungitsa makhothi, ndipo mutha kugwiritsanso ntchito mwayi wopota ma racket a tennis. Makhothi a tennis atha kupezeka ku: Kyselská 410, Bílina.
Mini-gofu:
Mutha kusangalala, komanso kumasuka mukapita ku mini gofu. Maola ogwiritsira ntchito minigolf mu nthawi mpaka 30.06.2015/14/00 ali motere: Lolemba mpaka Lachisanu 19:00-10:00, Loweruka ndi Lamlungu 19:00-411:XNUMX - minigolf ingapezeke ku: Kyselská XNUMX, Bílina .
Winter Stadium:
Kuyambira mu 2001, Bílina wakhala akusangalatsidwa ndi sitediyamu yanyengo yachisanu. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ndi magulu a achinyamata. Anthu amathanso kusangalala ndi masewera pano. Kusewera pagulu kumachitika kangapo pa sabata kuyambira Seputembala mpaka Marichi. Ana ochokera ku sukulu za kindergartens ndi masukulu a pulayimale amatheranso makalasi ophunzitsa zolimbitsa thupi pano. Maola amadzulo amasungidwa makamaka kwa osewera hockey osalembetsa.